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CNC (computer numerical control) router is a computer-controlled cutting machine.
It can be divided into mechanical engraving machines, laser engraving machines,s, and plasma engraving machines.
These two types of CNC routers cab are both divided into high-power type and low-power type. The low-power CNC router is limited by the processing materials. (To process the bowlder and metal, the machine’s power usually should be over 1500w.)
Types of materials
It’s usually used for cutting various hard materials, such as:
- metals (like aluminum, aluminum),
- glass,
- stone,
- wood,
- plastics,
- foams.
Applications
- Advertising: The advertising board
- Electronic industry: Circuit board engraving machine
- The technology industry: Micro engraving machine
- Construction industry / The gravestone industry: Stone carving machine
- Wood industry: Woodworking engraving machine
Maintenance of CNC machine
Proper use and maintenance of CNC machines can greatly extend machine life and reduce the incidence of failures.
The environment
CNC machine tools should avoid direct sunlight, cannot be installed in places with humidity, excessive dust or too much pollution, otherwise, it will cause technical performance degradation of electronic components, poor electrical contact or short circuit faults.
CNC machine tools should be kept away from the equipment with high vibration, and special anti-vibration measures should be taken for high-precision machine tools.
If possible, the failure rate will be significantly reduced when the CNC machine is placed in an air-conditioned environment.
Operation
The operation procedure is an important measure to ensure the safe operation of the CNC machine. The operator must operate according to the requirements of the operating procedures.
It is necessary to clearly specify the order of power-on, power-off, and precautions.
For example,
-after power-on, you must first manually return to the reference point manually or with a program command, in the order of Z, X, Y-axis and other axes.
-It is not allowed to switch the electrical cabinet door during the normal operation of the machine. It is also forbidden to press the “Emergency Stop” and reset button, and the parameters must not be modified arbitrarily.
Failure response
In case of failure, the site should be kept. The maintenance personnel should carefully check the failure before and after the failure, make a record of the cause and handle of the failure, find out the failure and eliminate it in time, and reduce the downtime.
CNC machine tools are not suitable for long-term storage
The purchased CNC machine tools should be put into use as soon as possible, especially during the warranty period, to maximize the utilization of the machine tools, to fully expose the hidden troubles and weak links, and to save maintenance costs in time.
The idleness of the CNC machine will cause the electronic components to get wet and accelerate the degradation or damage of their technical performance.
CNC machine tools that are not used for a long time should be energized 1~2 per week, and each time they run for about 1h, to prevent the electrical components of the machine tool from getting wet, and to find out whether there is a battery alarm signal in time to avoid the loss of system software parameters.
Operational precautions
Proper use and maintenance of CNC machines can greatly extend machine life and reduce the incidence of failures.
Adhere to the daily maintenance work of CNC machine tools, can effectively improve the service life of components, extend the wear cycle of mechanical parts, avoid the occurrence or timely elimination of accidents, and keep the machine in good operating condition.
The daily maintenance contents and requirements of different types of CNC machine tools are different. For specific machine tools, the maintenance can be carried out according to the specific requirements of the manual.
Check List
- To maintain a good lubrication state, it is necessary to regularly inspect and clean the automatic lubrication system, and add or replace the oil grease in time so that the moving parts such as the spindle, the lead screw, and the guide rail are always in a good lubrication state to slow down the mechanical wear speed.
- The inspection of mechanical precision ensures that the shape and positional deviation between the moving parts are within the allowable range, including inspection and adjustment of the tool change system, the table exchange system, etc.
- Inspection, cleaning, and replacement of DC motor brushes, and inspection of looseness of each connector.
- Cleaning. If the environment of the CNC machine is not good, it will directly affect the normal operation of the machine.
When the board is too dirty, it may cause a short-circuit fault;
When the liquid filter, air filter are too dirty, there may be insufficient pressure, poor heat dissipation, and malfunction.
| Items | Inspection cycle | Details |
| Rail lubricant Box | everyday | Check the fuel tank, add lubricant in time, check the lubrication hydraulic pump whether works well. |
| Spindle lubrication thermostat tank | everyday | Works well, sufficient oil, suitable temperature range. |
| Lathe machine of lathe machine | everyday | Oil Tank Hydraulic pump has no abnormal noise, the height of the work oil surface is appropriate, the pressure gauge indicates whether normal, pipeline and each joint has no leakage. |
| Compressed air source pressure | everyday | Whether the pressure of the pneumatic control system is within the normal range |
| Water-Split Gas filter , automatic air dryer | everyday | Timely cleaning of moisture in Water-Split Gas filter for automatic air dryer |
| Oil surface of supercharger & Air pressure Converter | everyday | Timely replenishment of oil |
| X, Y, Z Axle Rail surface | everyday | Cleaning，Check for scratches and damage，Whether the lubricant is adequate |
| Hydraulic balancing System | everyday | Indicates normal，the balance valve is working properly when fast movement |
| CNC Input/output unit | everyday | Cleaning the data input device |
| all the defensive equipment | everyday | Whether the guide rail and machine tool cover are complete and effective |
| Thermal ventilation devices for electrical cabinets | everyday | Whether the fan is normal, the airway filter without blockage, clean the filter in time |
| Electrical cabinet filter mesh | weekly | Cleaning |
| Items | Inspection cycle | Details |
| Rail lubricant Box | everyday | Check the fuel tank, add lubricant in time, check the lubrication hydraulic pump whether works well. |
| Spindle lubrication thermostat tank | everyday | Works well, sufficient oil, suitable temperature range. |
| Lathe machine of lathe machine | everyday | Oil Tank Hydraulic pump has no abnormal noise, the height of the work oil surface is appropriate, the pressure gauge indicates whether normal, pipeline and each joint has no leakage. |
| Compressed air source pressure | everyday | Whether the pressure of the pneumatic control system is within the normal range |
| Water-Split Gas filter , automatic air dryer | everyday | Timely cleaning of moisture in Water-Split Gas filter for automatic air dryer |
| Oil surface of supercharger & Air pressure Converter | everyday | Timely replenishment of oil |
| X, Y, Z Axle Rail surface | everyday | Cleaning，Check for scratches and damage，Whether the lubricant is adequate |
| Hydraulic balancing System | everyday | Indicates normal，the balance valve is working properly when fast movement |
| CNC Input/output unit | everyday | Cleaning the data input device |
| all the defensive equipment | everyday | Whether the guide rail and machine tool cover are complete and effective |
| Thermal ventilation devices for electrical cabinets | everyday | Whether the fan is normal, the airway filter without blockage, clean the filter in time |
| Electrical cabinet filter mesh | weekly | Cleaning |
